Registry
Bridges
Browse bridge and interoperability infrastructure records with incident history, lifecycle status, evidence coverage, and current outcome context.
| Bridge | Type | Status | Maturity | Incidents | Reported loss | Chains | Evidence | Freshness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| THORChain THORChain is a cross-chain liquidity network and native-asset exchange protocol. It is included because two ETH Router exploits in July 2021 caused a combined protocol insolvency of about $16 million, and a separate May 2026 GG20 TSS exploit drained approximately $10.7 million from an Asgard vault. Normal trading remained temporarily paused at the latest review. | Interoperability Protocol | paused | reviewed | 33 major | $26,700,000 | THORChain, Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB Chain, Avalanche, Unknown | 8 | current |
| ChainSwap ChainSwap is a permissionless cross-chain asset bridge and aggregation protocol. It is included because two separate July 2021 exploits caused approximately $800,000 and $4 million in reported losses, followed by compensation programs and an August 2021 relaunch. | Asset Bridge | active | reviewed | 22 major | $4,800,000 | Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Unknown | 5 | current |
| LI.FI LI.FI is a cross-chain liquidity aggregation and orchestration protocol that routes through bridges and exchanges. It is included because approval-related smart-contract vulnerabilities caused user-wallet losses in March 2022 and July 2024, while the protocol later resumed and continued expanding. | Bridge Aggregator | active | reviewed | 22 major | $12,200,000 | Ethereum, Arbitrum, Optimism, Polygon, Solana, Unknown | 6 | current |
| pNetwork pNetwork operated pTokens wrapped-asset bridges and later a broader cross-chain routing protocol. It is included because the pBTC-on-BSC bridge lost 277 BTC in September 2021, the pGALA bridge required an emergency whitehat response in November 2022, and the official pTokens application now states that pNetwork v2 has reached end of life. | Wrapped Asset Bridge | deprecated | reviewed | 22 major | Unknown | Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB Chain, Unknown | 8 | current |
| Rainbow Bridge Rainbow Bridge is the trustless, permissionless canonical bridge connecting Ethereum, NEAR, and Aurora. It is included because fabricated-block attacks in May and August 2022 were challenged before user funds were lost, and because official disclosures document additional critical vulnerabilities, a security pause during Ethereum's Merge, and subsequent reactivation. | Canonical Bridge | active | reviewed | 22 major | Unknown | Ethereum, NEAR, Aurora | 9 | current |
| Allbridge Core Allbridge Core is a native stablecoin bridge connecting EVM and non-EVM networks. It is included because its BNB Chain liquidity pools were exploited in April 2023 through pool-price manipulation, followed by substantial fund recovery, user compensation, contract changes, and relaunch. | Asset Bridge | active | reviewed | 11 major | $650,000 | BNB Chain, Ethereum, Solana, Unknown | 4 | current |
| BSC Token Hub BSC Token Hub was the native bridge between BNB Beacon Chain and BNB Smart Chain. It is included because of the October 2022 forged-proof exploit that created two million BNB, and because the bridge was later retired as part of BNB Chain Fusion. | Canonical Bridge | deprecated | reviewed | 11 major | $570,000,000 | BNB Beacon Chain, BNB Chain | 4 | current |
| Celer cBridge Celer cBridge is a non-custodial cross-chain asset bridge operated within the Celer Network ecosystem. It is included because an August 2022 DNS cache-poisoning incident redirected some frontend users to malicious contracts, causing approximately $240,000 in reported losses before the frontend was restored. | Asset Bridge | active | reviewed | 11 major | $240,000 | Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism, Avalanche, Fantom, Unknown | 4 | current |
| Harmony Horizon Bridge Harmony Horizon Bridge is included because of the June 2022 exploit commonly reported at about $100 million. The incident was later attributed by the FBI to Lazarus Group actors, and the bridge's recovery/reimbursement aftermath remains historically significant. | Asset Bridge | dead | reviewed | 11 major | $100,000,000 | Harmony, Ethereum, BNB Chain | 7 | current |
| Holograph Protocol Holograph Protocol operated as an omnichain tokenization protocol intended to preserve token identity across EVM chains. It is included because an attacker abused the Holograph Operator contract in June 2024 to mint one billion unauthorized HLG tokens, prompting a protocol lock, exchange-account freezes, a burn plan, and an investigation involving Halborn and law enforcement. | Interoperability Protocol | inactive | reviewed | 11 major | Unknown | Ethereum, Mantle, Unknown | 5 | current |
| Meter Passport Meter Passport is Meter Network's cross-chain messaging and asset-transfer bridge. It is included because a February 2022 false-deposit vulnerability enabled unbacked BNB and WETH minting, caused approximately $4.25 million in direct losses, and led to a compensation program before the bridge was rebuilt and restored. | Cross Chain Messaging | active | reviewed | 11 major | $4,250,000 | Meter, Ethereum, BNB Chain, Unknown | 5 | current |
| Multichain Multichain was a cross-chain router and bridge protocol formerly known as Anyswap. It is included because of the July 2023 abnormal MPC-controlled asset outflows of more than $125 million and the subsequent announcement that operations would cease. | Cross Chain Router | dead | reviewed | 11 major | $125,000,000 | Ethereum, Fantom, BNB Chain, Polygon, Avalanche, Arbitrum | 5 | current |
| NerveNetwork NerveNetwork is a heterogeneous-chain interoperability network whose Nerve Bridge and swap-pool infrastructure connects assets across multiple chains. It is included because a November 2021 metapool exploit drained the fUSDT and UST pool liquidity on BNB Chain and yielded approximately 900 BNB to the attacker. | Interoperability Protocol | active | reviewed | 11 major | Unknown | NerveNetwork, BNB Chain, Ethereum, Unknown | 4 | current |
| Nomad Bridge Nomad Bridge suffered a message-verification exploit in August 2022 and later relaunched a restricted recovery-oriented bridge flow. New canonical-token deposits remained disabled while affected users could bridge back assets and access pro-rata recovered funds. | Cross Chain Messaging | limited | reviewed | 11 major | $190,000,000 | Ethereum, Avalanche, Unknown | 7 | current |
| Orbit Bridge Orbit Bridge is a multi-chain interoperability service developed by Ozys. It is included because the Ethereum vault lost approximately $81.5 million in January 2024, followed by a prolonged recovery plan and partial resumption of non-Ethereum bridge functions. | Interoperability Protocol | limited | reviewed | 11 major | $81,500,000 | Orbit Chain, Ethereum | 5 | current |
| Poly Network Poly Network is included because of the August 2021 exploit commonly reported at more than $600 million. The case is historically important because most or all of the stolen funds were later returned, making it a distinct recovery-centered bridge incident pattern. | Interoperability Protocol | active | reviewed | 11 major | $610,000,000 | Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon | 4 | current |
| QBridge QBridge was Qubit Finance's Ethereum-to-BNB Chain bridge and cross-chain collateral pathway. It is included because a January 2022 deposit-logic flaw allowed unbacked xETH minting and the withdrawal of roughly $80 million in assets from Qubit lending markets. | Asset Bridge | dead | reviewed | 11 major | $80,000,000 | Ethereum, BNB Chain | 5 | current |
| Ronin Bridge Ronin Bridge is the bridge associated with the Ronin network. It is included because of the March 2022 validator-key compromise and large reported loss, followed by attribution, recovery, and reimbursement-related aftermath. | Asset Bridge | active | reviewed | 11 major | $620,000,000 | Ronin, Ethereum | 4 | current |
| SOCKET Protocol SOCKET Protocol provides cross-chain routing and interoperability infrastructure, including the Bungee interface and Socket Gateway contracts. It is included because a January 2024 approval-related exploit caused approximately $3.3 million in reported losses, followed by rapid restoration and recovery of 1,032 ETH. | Bridge Aggregator | active | reviewed | 11 major | $3,300,000 | Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism, Avalanche, Unknown | 5 | current |
| Synapse Protocol Synapse Protocol provides cross-chain bridging, liquidity, and messaging infrastructure. It is included because a November 2021 bug in the nUSD metapool implementation allowed price manipulation and an attempted extraction of approximately $8.2 million in nUSD, but validators remained offline and did not process the malicious bridge transaction, allowing affected liquidity providers to be made whole. | Interoperability Protocol | active | reviewed | 11 major | Unknown | Ethereum, Avalanche, BNB Chain, Polygon, Arbitrum, Optimism, Fantom, Unknown | 6 | current |
| Wormhole Wormhole is a cross-chain messaging and asset-transfer protocol. It is included because of the February 2022 exploit involving wrapped ETH on Solana and a widely reported loss of more than $300 million, followed by rapid backfilling of the bridge deficit. | Interoperability Protocol | active | reviewed | 11 major | $320,000,000 | Solana, Ethereum | 6 | current |
| Avalanche Bridge Avalanche Bridge is the SGX and Bridge Node based official bridge connecting Ethereum and Avalanche C-Chain. It launched on July 29, 2021 as the explicit replacement for the Avalanche-Ethereum Bridge and remains supported through Core. | Canonical Bridge | active | reviewed | 00 major | Unknown | Ethereum, Avalanche | 3 | current |
| Avalanche-Ethereum Bridge The Avalanche-Ethereum Bridge was Avalanche's first official Ethereum bridge. It launched in February 2021 and was replaced in July 2021 by the SGX-based Avalanche Bridge, followed by relayer shutdown and migration of bridged assets. | Canonical Bridge | migrated | reviewed | 00 major | Unknown | Ethereum, Avalanche | 5 | current |
| Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol The Inter-Blockchain Communication Protocol (IBC) is an open-source, permissionless interoperability protocol for transferring tokens, messages, and arbitrary application data between sovereign blockchains. It is included because the Dragonberry and Huckleberry disclosures required coordinated security responses across IBC-connected infrastructure, while official accounts report no exploitation or user-fund loss from those vulnerabilities. | Cross Chain Messaging | active | reviewed | 00 major | Unknown | Cosmos interchain, Unknown | 9 | current |
| Ren Protocol Ren Protocol operated RenVM and RenBridge as cross-chain infrastructure for native assets including Bitcoin. The reviewed Ren 1.0 lineage ended after Alameda-related funding stopped in late 2022, while Ren 2.0 remained announced but not verified as a public mainnet successor. | Interoperability Protocol | deprecated | reviewed | 00 major | Unknown | Bitcoin, Ethereum, BNB Chain, Polygon, Avalanche, Solana, Unknown | 7 | current |
| ShuttleFlow ShuttleFlow was Conflux's cross-chain asset protocol and multi-chain bridge. Bridge operations ended in November 2023 with technology and service migration to Zero Gravity, while a limited claim path remained until the website and dApp closed in January 2024. | Interoperability Protocol | migrated | reviewed | 00 major | Unknown | Conflux Core Space, Conflux eSpace, Ethereum, BNB Chain, Unknown | 8 | current |
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